Several areas of the body, including the neck and head, have lymph nodes, glands that assist in fighting off infections in the body. During an infection or illness, the lymph nodes usually swell in the area closest to the infection. As the lymph node increases in size, it may also cause the skin in the area to redden. Treatment for swollen lymph nodes will vary depending on the cause of the edema, according to MayoClinic.com. Once an infection resolves, the lymph nodes generally return to normal size. Swollen lymph nodes that appear without an infection, continue to grow larger or feel hard require medical evaluation.
Throat Infections
An infection involving the throat, such as strep throat or tonsillitis, can cause a swollen lymph node in the neck. The enlarged lymph nodes may also feel tender when touched. Throat infections may also cause a swollen throat, difficulty swallowing, pain and a fever. Treatment for a throat infection usually includes taking antibiotics. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications can help with the tenderness of the swollen lymph nodes.
Lymphoma
Cancer of the lymphatic system, referred to as lymphoma, can cause the lymph nodes in the neck to swell. Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are the two major types of lymphoma. The most common form is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, according to the Merck Manuals. A biopsy of the lymph node helps diagnose the condition. The enlarged lymph nodes in the neck usually do not cause pain. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery help treat lymphoma.
Tooth Abscess
An abscessed tooth is a pocket of infected area that forms in the root area of the tooth to help fight an infection. The pus develops due to bacteria entering the gum through conditions such as a decayed tooth, trauma to the tooth or gum and periodontal disease that cause the gum to separate from the tooth. The abscessed tooth can cause pain, sensitivity to hot foods and a fever. The lymph nodes located in the neck can also inflame due to the abscessed tooth.
Mumps and Measles
Mumps and measles are viral infections that can cause swelling in the lymph nodes of the neck. Mumps, spread by saliva, may also cause a fever, facial pain and a decreased appetite. Measles causes a reddish brown rash to appear all over the body, starting with the forehead and spreading downward, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Treatment for both contagious diseases includes keeping the individual comfortable while the virus runs its course.
