Although the name birthmark implies that the skin condition occurs at birth, this is not always the case. Some birthmarks do not develop until weeks or years later. Although some may disappear as a child ages, others may grow or change rapidly. Because this may signal an underlying health condition, it is important to understand what causes some birthmarks to occur.
Neurofibromatosis
According to the Kids Health website, neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes a variety of bone and skin abnormalities, including birthmarks. This condition is often first noticed in childhood, between the ages of 3 and 16, notes Kids Health. Café au lait birthmarks are typically the first symptom. Neurofibromatosis can be hereditary—an affected parent has a 1 in 2 chance of passing on the condition. In addition, about half the cases are caused by a spontaneous genetic mutation in families with no previous history. Although a doctor cannot cure this condition, he can treat its symptoms. Skin growths can be removed surgically or via laser treatments to improve the appearance of the skin.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
MedlinePlus explains that Sturge-Weber syndrome is a disorder that is evident right from birth. In addition to neurological problems, this condition causes port-wine stain birthmarks. The cause of this syndrome is not known. It is not hereditary. To treat the condition, a doctor must manage the disease’s symptoms, notes MedlinePlus. Port-wine birthmarks can be removed with laser therapy.
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome causes hemangiomas, a type of birthmark consisting of an abnormal growth of blood vessels. Affected areas of the body may appear larger than other parts. In addition, extra or fused fingers and toes may be evident.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website explains that the cause of this disorder is unknown. Presently, there is no cure. As with many other syndromes, only the symptoms can be treated. Laser therapies can decrease the appearance of hemangiomas and other lesions of the skin.
