Although most spiders don't pose a danger to humans, some-such as the black widow spider--may cause serious problems for those bitten by them. MayoClinic.com indicates that these spiders prefer warm, dry climates and are often found “in dry, littered, undisturbed areas, such as closets, woodpiles and under sinks." The poison of black widow spiders may result in damage to the nervous system, so the University of Maryland Medical Center or UMMC recommends you seek immediate medical treatment if bitten.
Identification and Diagnosis
The Merck Manual of Medical Information indicates that the identification of a spider can't be determined from a bite alone. Knowing which spider caused a bite remains essential to proper diagnosis and treatment. Often, black widow spiders may be identified by a red hour-glass shape on their bodies; however, Survive Outdoor Inc. warns that this may not always be the case, as some may have only a red dot. Collect the spider to assist in a diagnosis, says the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA.
Symptoms
The UMMC indicates that symptoms of a black widow bite may mimic other medical issues. Therefore, it's crucial you get immediate medical treatment. Symptoms associated with a black widow bite, as indicated by MayoClinic.com, include pain, swelling, red marks, stiffness, chills, fever, nausea and “severe abdominal pain." It's important you recognize symptoms as soon as possible in order to begin treatment right away.
Immediate Treatment
Treatment of a black widow bite should begin immediately. Survive Outdoors Inc. recommends you “clean and irrigate the wound," place ice on the bite area, and use pain medication. MayoClinic.com suggests applying a “snug bandage above the bite,” which may slow the progress of the poison in the body, along with elevation of the affected limb. Immersion in a hot bath may help ease some of the pain, as indicated by the Merck Manual of Medical Information. For protection from infection, the UMMC recommends application of “an antibiotic or cream," an essential step for children.
Medical Attention
Many sources, including the UMMC and MayoClinic.com, say you should seek immediate medical assistance if bitten. Professionals can provide other forms of treatment. The Merck Manual of Medical Information identifies some of these treatments, including intravenous administration of calcium to assist in the alleviation of pain and muscle spasms, use of other muscle relaxants, and antivenom in cases of severe poisoning.
Hospitalization
Some people may require hospitalization due to a black widow spider bite. The Merck Manual of Medical Information identifies at-risk populations, including people younger than 18 and older than 60, “people with high blood pressure, heart disease” or people showing severe symptoms.
