The skin is the largest organ in the body whose main functions includes protection from the external environment and temperature regulation. The skin is made up of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous layer. Most of the common skin illnesses and diseases affect the epidermis, which is the top layer of the skin. The branch of medicine that deals with skin illness and disease is called dermatology.
Eczema
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by itchy, inflamed skin that most often occurs on the hands, feet, elbows and the back of the knees. Eczema is usually more prominent in infants and children, but can appear in adulthood. The condition is believed to be a result of an abnormality in the immune system that is worsened by stress and emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, according to Mayo Clinic.
Symptoms of eczema include reddish, brown patches on the skin, severe itching, small bumps, cracked skin and sensitive skin. Intense scratching of eczema can break the skin and allow entry for bacteria that can cause infection. Medications to relieve itching and reduce inflammation may be prescribed to treat eczema. Antibiotics may also be prescribed in the case of a skin infection. Light therapy may also be used in small doses.
Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by redness, spider-like blood vessels, skin eruptions and swelling and inflammation of the nose, chin, forehead, cheeks or eyelids. Rosacea can also cause burning and stinging sensations in the face and an increased tendency to blush. The severity of symptoms tends to fluctuate. The cause of rosacea is unknown, but the condition is most likely to occur in women between the ages of 30 and 50 who are light-skinned, according to MedlinePlus.
Treatment for rosacea is aimed at reducing symptoms by avoiding symptom triggers. Antibiotics may aid in the reduction of skin eruptions. In severe cases, rosacea may be treated with laser surgery. Although irritating and cosmetically undesirable, rosacea does not cause further complications.
Acne
The skin contains hair follicles, or pores, that contain sebaceous glands that produce sebum, an oil that is responsible for providing moisture to the skin and hair, according to Kids Health, a website of the Nemours Foundation. Acne is a skin condition that occurs when a pore becomes clogged with an excess amount of sebum, dead skin cells and bacteria. Acne presents a variety of skin bumps called whiteheads, blackheads, pimples or pustules. Acne most often appears on the face, neck, shoulders, upper back and chest. Acne is most often caused by hormonal changes and increased stress, and contrary to popular belief, is not exacerbated by consuming greasy foods or chocolate, according to Kids Health. Acne is most often treated with over-the-counter creams and lotions, but medication can also be prescribed by a dermatologist in severe cases.
