Stomach acid backup results in heartburn, a painful sensation in the upper chest and throat that may also bring a sour taste to the back of the mouth. The stomach acids rise up because the lower esophageal sphincter, a valve-like muscle in the esophagus, does not close tightly and allows digestive juices to back up. The sphincter normally opens to allow food in the stomach before closing to prevent acid reflux. When the muscle malfunctions frequently, it causes chronic heartburn.
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, also called GERD, results in permanent damage to the lower esophageal sphincter. People with GERD experience chronic heartburn from more frequent episodes of acid reflux. Someone who has persistent heartburn more than two times a week may have GERD, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Over-the-counter and prescription medication can take care of heartburn symptoms for GERD. In some cases, surgery is an option to strengthen the esophageal sphincter by wrapping the top part of the stomach around the sphincter.
Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, MedlinePlus explains. The condition contributes to weakening the lower esophageal sphincter and making it easier for acid reflux to occur, causing frequent heartburn. Obesity and smoking, two risk factors for acid reflux and heartburn, may cause a hiatal hernia. The condition may also be brought on through aging.
Medications
People taking medication on a regular basis may experience chronic heartburn. Aspirin and ibuprofen can cause or worsen symptoms. Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease and calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure may cause increased heartburn. Sedatives and antidepressants can cause or worsen heartburn. Certain bronchodilators for asthma can lead to heartburn symptoms. People who suspect their persistent heartburn is caused by medication should see a doctor for a change in medication.
Diet and Lifestyle
Overeating or lying down too soon after eating often results in heartburn. Certain foods bring on heartburn. People may be susceptible to particular foods. Items often cited as causing heartburn include fatty and spicy foods, tomato-based products, citrus fruits or juices, chocolate, onions, garlic, alcohol, coffee and carbonated beverages, according to FamilyDoctor.org. Avoiding or eliminating specific triggers from the diet may reduce heartburn. Being overweight increases the risk of heartburn because of pressure on the abdomen that promotes acid reflux. Smoking weakens the lower esophageal sphincter and causes frequent heartburn. Stress may cause or worsen heartburn. Stress management or relaxation techniques may reduce symptoms.
