Tendinitis is the inflammation of the thick fibrous cord that connects muscles to bones. Repetitive movement or overuse of ankle or foot muscles can increase the risk of developing tendinitis in the Achilles tendon, which attaches the muscles of the calf and the heel at the back of the leg. Most cases of Achilles tendinitis can be treated conservatively; however, severe cases may require surgical treatment.
Rest
Achilles tendinitis may occur after overuse of the ankle joint through actions such as repetitive jumping or standing on the toes. The first step in healing Achilles tendinitis is to take a break from the activity that is causing ankle pain. A patient can apply an ice pack to the heel for 20 minute cycles throughout the day. After a few days of rest and ice therapy, the pain should improve. A patient should schedule an appointment with his doctor if ankle pain does not improve or worsens after a few days of rest and ice therapy.
Medications
MayoClinic.com states that over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, may be used to treat Achilles tendinitis. These medications reduce chemical signals in and around the inflamed tendon that cause pain and inflammation. Patients with heart, kidney, liver or stomach problems should ask a doctor before taking NSAIDs. Side effects include stomach pain, heart problems, dark urine, clay-colored stools, vomiting blood or bloody stools.
For Achilles tendinitis that does not resolve with rest or oral medications, a doctor may recommend a corticosteroid injection into the affected tendon. Corticosteroids are strong anti-inflammatory medications that can reduce inflammation in the affected ankle tendon. Over time, this may provide a significant relief in symptoms. Repeated injections are not allowed, because high levels of corticosteroids can cause further damage to the tendon. Thus, the doctor will weigh the risks and benefits of a corticosteroid injection with the patient before proceeding.
Surgery
Medline Plus states that surgery may be an effective cure for Achilles tendinitis. In more severe cases, the surgeon may remove the inflammatory tissue around the Achilles tendon. Over time, the surgical wound will heal and the patient may notice a significant reduction in pain. Risks of surgery include infection, excessive bleeding, nerve damage or other soft tissue damage.
