The nose executes many functions. It is responsible for removing dust, germs and irritants from the inhaled air. It warms and adds moisture to inhaled air so that the lungs do not dry out, and it allows for a sense of smell. Diseases of the nose can cause disruptions in breathing and other symptoms.
Deviated Septum
The septum is a structure in the nose that divides the right and left nasal cavities. In normal circumstances, the septum is located directly in the center of the nasal cavities and divides them into equal portions. A deviated septum occurs when the septum is displaced to one side, making one nasal cavity larger than the other. A deviated septum can be present at birth or occur as a result of traumatic injury to the nose.
A minor deviated septum usually does not present any symptoms. If the condition is more severe, it can cause obstruction of one or both of the nostrils, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, recurring sinus infections and noisy breathing during sleep, according to MayoClinic.com.
Treatment of nasal congestion and sinus infections includes medications to reduce congestion, antihistamines and anti-inflammatory nasal sprays. If the deviated septum causes severe nasal obstruction, surgery may be required to reconstruct it.
Rhinitis
Rhinitis is an inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane in the nose. Rhinitis can be acute or chronic. The acute form of rhinitis is usually caused by a viral infection, but it can also be caused by allergies. The chronic form of rhinitis is usually related to chronic sinusitis, or inflammation of the sinuses.
Symptoms of rhinitis include runny nose, sneezing, congestion, post-nasal drip, cough, watery eyes and low fever, according to the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Treatment consists of a combination of medications aimed at reducing inflammation and relieving nasal drip and congestion. Avoidance of smoking and the use of humidifiers can also be beneficial in relieving the symptoms of rhinitis.
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are small growths of inflamed tissue that line the inside of the nose and the sinuses. The growths usually begin in the top of the nose, near the ethmoid sinuses, and grow into the open areas, becoming larger as they make their way toward the nostrils, according to Medline Plus. Small polyps usually do not cause any complications, but large polyps can block the airway and lead to breathing difficulties. Other symptoms of nasal polyps include mouth breathing, runny nose and decreased sense of smell.
Medications cannot remove polyps, but can help to aid symptoms. Prescribed medications include steroidal nasal sprays, steroidal pills and antibiotics, in the case of a sinus infection. If the nasal polyps are large and cause significant airway blockage, they may be removed surgically.
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