Kava, also known as kava-kava, is a plant native to the islands of the South Pacific that is sometimes used by patients seeking a more natural form of relief from depression. Depression affects almost 18 million Americans every year, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Though kava may be recommended by natural health practitioners and patients, there is not enough evidence to support its use to treat depression.
History
Used for centuries in the Polynesians, kava was first described in detail by Capt. James Cook in the late 1700s. The roots of the kava plant are crushed and mixed with cool water, which is strained to remove any pieces. The kava-water mixture is drunk, sometimes as a part of rituals or ceremonies, such as weddings, births, reunions or funerals. Kava is also available in capsule and extract form.
Benefits
Kava is reported to induce feelings of sleepiness and promote better quality of sleep. Experts at the University of Maryland Medical Center say that at least 90 percent of depressed patients also report sleep problems. In addition, kava users also report a decrease in muscle tension and a greater ability to relax.
Evidence
A 2009 clinical study led by Jerome Sarris found that kava was effective in treating anxiety and reducing depression. During Sarris' three-week clinical trial, no major side effects were reported from the use of kava, but further research is needed before the herbal drug can be considered safe. Study participants were given five kava tablets daily, equivalent to 250mg of kavalactones, the active component in kava.
Contraindications and Interactions
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not use kava. Individuals who suffer from kidney, heart or liver problems are not candidates for kava use. Kava should not be used with any over-the-counter or prescription medications that may induce sleep, as kava can exacerbate these effects. Alcohol should not be used with kava. Kava should not be used with medications that may thin the blood or that carry an increased risk of bleeding. Patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease should refrain from using kava. Kava may decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control methods or hormone replacement medications.
Dosage and Side Effects
Kava dosages depend on the form of kava that is taken. A starting dosage of 50 to 280mg of kavalactones is generally recommended once daily. When kava is measured in kavapyrones, the starting dosage may be between 60 and 120mg. Pure kava extract may be taken at a dose of 100mg taken up to three times daily. Because kava produces feelings of sleepiness, all doses should be taken at a time when sleep is convenient. Kava is not recommended for use in children under the age of 18. Kava has been banned in some countries due to evidence of liver toxicity and other serious health concerns after heavy kava consumption or chronic use. Seizures, blood abnormalities, kidney damage, and poor muscle control have also been reported. Mild side effects associated with the use of kava include stomach upset, headache and skin rash.
