According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Acanthamoeba keratitis is a serious and sight-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. Microscopic organisms called ameba infect the cornea, causing light-sensitivity, red eyes and severe eye pain, sometimes most apparent after removing contact lenses. Especially at risk are contact lens wearers who have come into contact with water in swimming pools, hot tubs, other contaminated water supplies and those with a history of poor contact lens hygiene. Swift and thorough treatment is necessary to prevent permanent vision loss from Acanthamoeba keratitis. Treatment is often done on an inpatient basis for close monitoring and care.
Ocular and Oral Medications
A combination of eye drops and drugs are administered to control Acanthamoeba infections, though the mix of drugs can vary depending on the supervising doctor. Usually a strong dilating drop, called a cycloplegic, is used to reduce the risk of further complications from inflammation. An oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent is added to help with the symptoms of pain. A mix of antibiotics and antifungal oral and ocular medications are an important part of a targeted plan to fight the infection, heal existing damage and prevent subsequent corneal damage.
Discontinue Contact Lens Wear
Whenever a contact lens wearer presents with a corneal infection, Acanthamoeba keratitis needs to be ruled out. With the severe consequences of this condition and the known high risk of transmission via unclean contact lenses, discontinuing contact lens wear is essential to treatment. Doing this significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.
Corneal Transplant
Unfortunately, many cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis result in permanent corneal damage and vision loss. If vision damage is significant, corneal transplant surgery may be the only alternative to restore vision. With immediate treatment and close care, the goal is to avoid this last resort.
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Acanthamoeba Infection
- "Wills Eye Manual"; Douglas J. Rhee and Mark F. Pyfer; 1999
- All About Vision: Acanthamoeba Keratitis--What Contact Lens Wearers Need To Know
