Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood, oxygen and nutrients to the heart. This narrowing of the arteries is due to a buildup of fat deposits known as plaque. The plaque lines the walls of the arteries and can prevent or restrict the flow of blood. Coronary heart disease is also called coronary artery disease, and it's the leading killer for men and women in the United States.
Genetic Factors
Age is one of the leading factors for coronary heart disease. According to the American Heart Association, over 83 percent of people who die from coronary heart disease are at least 65 years of age. Gender is a factor because men have a greater risk of coronary heart disease than women. Also, those with a family history of coronary heart disease are at a greater risk.
Unhealthy Factors
Smoking tobacco can increase the risk of coronary heart disease by up to four times over the nonsmoker, according to the American Heart Association. High blood pressure and high cholesterol are common health ailments that increase stress upon the heart and can restrict blood flow.
Obesity can lead to serious health conditions that become precursors to coronary heart disease. In addition to high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes and other heart ailments can stem from an inactive and obese lifestyle.
Symptoms
Chest pains and shortness of breath are the most common symptoms for coronary heart disease. The chest pain is a pressure-like feeling comparable to a heavy weight pressing down directly on the chest. When the heart has difficulties with blood flow, it can also restrict oxygen intake and oxygen flow, which can lead to difficulties in breathing.
The most severe result of coronary heart disease is the complete blockage of the arteries, also known as a heart attack.
Testing and Diagnosing
Through the evolution of medicine, doctors have developed several ways to test for and diagnose coronary heart disease. The most common method is the electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), which sends electrical signals through the heart to detect ailments and injuries. A similar method to the ECG is the echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to produce images of the heart to diagnose and problems.
Stress tests are often used, especially if an individual experiences symptoms during exercise or physical exertion. The stress test is usually done on a treadmill where the patient is monitored during an increased level of exertion. Blood flow, among other factors, is monitored to see if the patient is experiencing any significant heart impairments. In addition to the previously mentioned tests, a doctor can also use a CT scan and/or a variation of the MRI to diagnose any heart conditions.
Prevention
To prevent the development of coronary heart disease, a person should live a healthy lifestyle. This means consistent exercise, a healthy diet with low sodium and low fat intake, no smoking, stress management and maintaining a healthy weight.
