Reactive arthritis, which used to be known as Reiter’s syndrome, is a form of arthritis that causes swollen and painful joints. This inflammation in the joints is usually accompanied by inflammation of the eyes or conjunctivitis and inflammation of the urinary tract or urethritis. This disease can be mild and last from three months to one year, or it can become severe and chronic. Medications can be used to help control the symptoms of reactive arthritis once the cause is determined.
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that can develop in some people after the body's immune system reacts to a bacterial infection. The most common type of bacteria that can cause this condition is Chlamydia trachomatis, which is transmitted through sexual contact. Since an infection with chlamydia can exist without causing any symptoms, it is important for anyone who is sexually active to be screened annually to prevent complications.
Ingesting Contaminated Food
Bacterial infections which occur in the digestive or urinary tract can also lead to reactive arthritis. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases states that this can occur when consuming food or water that is contaminated with Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Campylobacter. While reactive arthritis itself is not contagious, the bacteria that cause it can be passed from person to person through contact with bodily fluids.
Genetics
Why some people get reactive arthritis after a bacterial infection and others do not is not well understood. However, genetics may play a role. MayoClinic.com notes that individuals who inherit a molecule called the human leukocyte antigen B27 or HLA-B27 appear to be at a higher risk for this disease. Taking steps to avoid exposure to the above bacteria can help to reduce the risk of developing reactive arthritis.
