Steroids, also called anabolic steroids, are illegal substances sometimes used by professional or amateur athletes to try and improve athletic performance. Most professional, college and high school sporting organizations have banned the use of anabolic steroids and individuals caught using them face sanctions, suspensions or outright bans forbidding them from participating in that sport. Aside from the ethical problems and the consequences if caught using banned substances, the side effects of steroids are generally not worth the benefits these athletes think they are gaining.
Effects in Men
Men who take steroids may experience problems with infertility and impotence. Their testicles may shrink. Some men go bald while on steroids. Others develop prominent breasts or other female characteristics as a result of steroid use.
Effects in Women
A common side effect of steroid use by females is the development of male characteristics, including a deeper voice and an increase in body hair. Women using steroids may also lose their hair and go bald. Some females develop an enlarged clitoris. The menstrual cycle may slow or stop completely. Women who use anabolic steroids may be more prone to osteoporosis, according to Penn State University Health Services.
Visible Effects
Severe acne and oily skin is seen in both male and female steroid users, according to Drugfree.org. Users may also become jaundiced, developing a yellow tint to the skin and may experience swelling.
Internal Effects
Aside from the visible effects, steroid use by both men and women can damage internal organs, such as the kidneys or liver, even causing liver tumors in some individuals,according to MayoClinic.com. Steroids also impact cholesterol levels, lowering the levels of the good cholesterol HDL, or high density lipoproteins, while raising the levels of damaging LDLs, or low density lipoproteins. High blood pressure is another problem caused by steroid use. Heart palpitations and sleep apnea have been noted in some users of anabolic steroids. Youth who are still growing may see a disruption to their normal growth pattern if they use steroids, making them exceptionally dangerous for teen athletes. Steroid users of any age have a higher risk of cancer than people who don't use steroids.
Brain Effects
Steroid use may also impact the brain. Both genders of steroid users may have an increase in aggressive behavior and may become violent. Mood swings are common in steroid users, according to Drugfree.org. Other psychological reactions to steroids include the development of jealous paranoia, irritability or delusions. Some people develop psychiatric problems, such as depression, as a result of steroid use. Others may become addicted to anabolic steroids.
