Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries of a woman. According to Association of Women for the Advancement of Research and Education, progesterone levels rise and fall during the menstrual cycle. The production of this hormone begins before ovulation and increases during the two weeks after ovulation. Its main role during this time is to increase the chances of the woman getting pregnant. It performs this function by producing vaginal mucus to help the sperm survive and fertilize an egg, and also by making the uterus muscles less likely to contract. According to the American Pregnancy Association, during pregnancy, progesterone develops the endometrial lining, protects the fetus and prepares the woman for labor.
Development of the Endometrial Lining
According to the American Pregnancy Association, progesterone plays an important role in the development of the endometrial lining. It prepares the lining for pregnancy and helps in maintaining the pregnancy until the time the placenta can take over nourishing the fetus. Women with low levels of progesterone are at a high risk of miscarriage because along with building the thick endometrial lining, progesterone also keeps it from shedding.
Protecting the Fetus
According to the American Pregnancy Association, progesterone helps in protecting the fetus during pregnancy. Besides preventing the endometrial lining from shedding, progesterone protects the placenta and the fetus by keeping it safe from unwanted cells that may develop near the womb. The hormone also plays an important role in smooth muscle control. Its high level stops the uterus from making spontaneous movements or contracting. This helps prevent the fetus from moving and staying in place.
Prepares the Woman for Labor
According to the American Pregnancy Association, progesterone also plays an important role in preparing the cervix for labor. Progesterone brings about changes in the cervix of the woman. The cervix thickens during pregnancy. The hormone also creates a thick mucus plug in the cervix. This protects the uterus from bacterial and other infections. Once it is time for delivery, this thick mucus plug in the cervix breaks down, preparing the cervix for labor. Progesterone also plays a role by strengthening the pelvic walls in preparation for labor.
