Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is a medical condition caused by a decrease in the production of saliva, according to MayoClinic.com. Dy mouth may arise from acute causes like certain medications, emotional stress, or anxiety. Chronic, or long-term, dry mouth may be caused by other medical conditions such as Sjogrens's Syndrome, diabetes, stroke and some cancers. Treatment of dry mouth depends upon symptom management and treating the underlying cause. Medications such as pilocarpine and cevimeline may be prescribed to help increase saliva production. If left untreated, complications from dry mouth may arise.
Tissue Irritation and Infection
Saliva contains lubricants that help fight off infection. The lubricants help control infection by regulating the number of bacteria and fungi in the mouth, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. YourDentistryGuide.com reports that healthy adults produce about three pints of saliva a day. A lack of saliva allows bacteria and fungi to build up in the mouth, increasing the possibility of infection. Also, the tissues of the mouth and tongue may become sore and irritated due to the lack of moisture. The tongue may become sensitive and burn when exposed to hot and/or cold foods or drinks.
Tooth Decay
According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, dry mouth can lead to tooth decay. Without saliva to wash away food particles and neutralize acids in the mouth, cavities and tooth decay are more likely to occur. More frequent tooth brushing with a fluoride toothpaste may help to offset this complication as will avoiding sugary or acidic foods.
Dysphagia
YourDenistryGuide.com reports that without the lubricating effect of saliva, some people may experience dysphagia, or difficulty in swallowing. Complications of sore or hoarse throats have been noted. In more severe cases, difficulty in talking or chewing food may occur, and the taste of food may be altered. Drinking more fluids may help to reduce or eliminate these complications. Sipping water regularly and avoiding sugary and caffeinated liquids may also help.
