Blackheads are superficial plugs that form within pores. Dead skin cells, skin oils and bacteria can build up on your skin, forming microscopic plugs that can clog pores. Oil continues to accumulate behind the plug and turns black when it makes contact with the air. The result is a blackhead, also known as an open comedo. Use care when attempting to treat blackheads and other types of acne. The American Academy of Dermatology cautions that excessive scrubbing or exfoliation can irritate your skin and cause acne flare-ups.
Step 1
Remove debris. Wash with an alpha hydroxy acid or beta hydroxy acid cleanser. According to DermNet NZ, alpha hydroxy acids help break down the substance that holds dead skin cells together. Removing the dead cells on the skin's surface allows other treatment products to penetrate your pores more deeply. Alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, citric acid and lactic acid.
Beta hydroxy acid is another name for salicylic acid, a common ingredient in acne treatments. BHA also helps exfoliate the skin and remove the buildup of cellular debris. Look for a cleanser with AHA, BHA or both.
Step 2
Apply a treatment product with azelaic acid. An acid that occurs naturally on the skin, azelaic acid helps reduces the growth of bacteria in your pores and reduces inflammation. DermNet NZ recommends starting with daily application. If you don't experience side effects, begin using azelaic acid twice a day. Discontinue use if you experience redness, itching or burning. You should see some improvement in one month, and maximum results after six months. Azelaic acid may be used safely for months or even years and does not contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics or your skin's sensitivity to the sun.
Step 3
Exfoliate the skin. Using an exfoliating cleanser or home microdermabrasion treatment can help unclog pores and eliminate debris that contributes to blackheads. When exfoliating, use gentle pressure. Exfoliation should not make your skin bleed. If you have oily skin, the American Academy of Dermatology reports that exfoliating twice a week is usually sufficient.
Step 4
Prevent breakouts. DermNet NZ recommends using a lightweight moisturizer listed as non-comedogenic or hypoallergenic to help prevent future plugs.
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