In healthy infants, the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, which are involved in regulating metabolism. Infants born with an enlarged thyroid gland--a condition called congenital goiter--can have normal or abnormally high or low thyroid hormone levels. Enlarged thyroid symptoms in infants are typically detected at birth, though certain children may not be diagnosed until early childhood, explain health experts on UpToDate.com.
Palpable Mass in the Neck
The primary symptom associated with an enlarged thyroid in an infant is a palpable mass within the neck, explains the Merck Manuals. This enlarged lump is located at the base of the front of the neck, which corresponds to the position of the thyroid gland. The swollen mass can be firm to the touch and is typically painless.
Difficulty Breathing or Swallowing
An enlarged thyroid can cause breathing or swallowing difficulties in infants, explains the Merck Manuals. The enlarged thyroid gland within the neck can press into an infant's windpipe or esophagus. If this occurs, an infant can experience shortness of breath or may be prone to choking during mealtime. Breathing or swallowing difficulties require prompt medical attention and can require surgical intervention to resolve symptoms.
Increased Heart Rate
Breathing difficulties caused by an enlarged thyroid can contribute to an increase in an infant's heart rate. An increased heart rate can elevate an infant's risk of heart failure, warns the Merck Manuals. A parent or caregiver who notices heart rate irregularities in an infant should take the child to a medical professional for further evaluation and care.
