According to the Mayo Clinic, itchy skin, also known as pruritus, can have hundreds of causes. Common reasons for itchy skin include conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis. In some cases, however, an underlying disease may be the cause of the itching. Kidney disease and liver failure are internal conditions that can cause external itching, redness and bumps or blisters. Seeking medical attention for chronic skin irritations (lasting for two weeks or more) is advised.
Causes
Dry skin can be the cause of itching. When a rash or other skin changes are not present, the most likely reason for the itching is xerosis (dry skin). Environmental factors such as extreme weather (hot or cold) and excessive bathing or hand washing can lead to dry skin that itches. Many times, dry skin can be easily remedied with creams and over-the counter products.
Conditions
Some conditions, such as contact dermatitis, chicken pox, hives, kidney failure, liver disease, iron deficiency anemia, thyroid problems or cancers can cause itchy skin. Rashes, redness, bumps or blisters may be present with these conditions. Less severe conditions such as pregnancy and allergies can also result in rashes and itching. In addition, contact with irritants like soaps, fabrics or cosmetics can cause an allergic reaction.
Symptoms
According to the Mayo Clinic, itchy skin may appear in small areas, or across the entire body. Common places for itching include the arms and legs. Itchy skin can also be accompanied by other symptoms such as: bumps or blisters, spots or redness, and cracked, rough, scaly or textured skin. In some cases the itching can last quite a while and worsen with itching.
Treatments
Once the skin condition is identified, treatment can begin. Medication may be prescribed for contact dermatitis or minor skin irritations. Antihistamines, lidocaine, benzocaine, or corticosteroid creams can relieve some rashes and itching and can be accompanied by cool baths. Wet dressings and light therapy may be needed in more severe cases.
Warning
The Mayo Clinic recommends consulting a dermatologist if the following symptoms persist: prolonged itching that is not improved with simple at-home therapies such as cool baths and other self-care remedies, itching that prevents sleep and disrupts your life, itching that is present on the entire body or includes weight loss, fatigue, bowel and bladder changes, or fever.
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