Pigment loss is quite natural. It happens when the melanin in the epidermis layer of our skin is destroyed, and there is a failure by the body to produce new melanin cells. Throughout our lives, we all suffer from some pigment loss. The most common examples are patches of skin that are exposed to too much sun and fail to regenerate the melanin in the body. Another form of pigment loss occurs in areas where we have cut ourselves deeply, the trauma resulting in a loss of pigmentation around the affect area. But some pigment loss isn't natural. Vitiligo, squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis represent three varying causes of pigment loss not caused by the sun or skin trauma.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a condition where the skin loses melanin causing areas of white, shiny skin to appear throughout the body. Generally it starts as a small patch of skin and spreads out. There are different types of vitiligo, ranging from small patches of skin to covering the entire body. Localized vitiligo only affects small areas of the skin and often forms patterns. Generalized vitiligo can come in several forms affecting the face, the body and the face, or the entire body. Vitiligo doesn't discriminate between race or sex but is most often found in people with darker skin. There is no known cause for vitiligo, but it can be treated. Depending on the size and amount of vitiligo on the body, treatment can take anywhere from 6 to 18 months.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Spending time in the sun can result in a temporary loss of pigmentation. It can also result in the permanent loss of pigmentation through a type of non-melanoma skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second-most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer and affects those who spend too much time under UV rays, whether that be from direct exposure to the sun or tanning beds. Applying liberal amounts of sunscreen to areas that are going to be exposed to UV rays is helpful, but it doesn't necessarily prevent the cancer.
Actinic Keratosis
Actinic keratosis is another form of UV skin disorder. Once again, too much unprotected exposure to UV rays causes a skin legion that is rough and scaly. Actinic keratosis effects the face, lips, hands, arms, scalp and neck. Starting out as a small discoloration or spot on the skin, actinic keratosis can grow over time. Full development of the condition can take years.
