IUD Types of Birth Control

Overview

When considering birth control, there are multiple options from hormonal treatments such as birth control pills to barrier methods such as the cervical cap or diaphragm. Another method to consider is the intrauterine device (IUD). It's a common form of birth control. Placed through the cervix in the uterus, it is over 99 percent effective for preventing pregnancy in most women, according to the Info Project, a group that studies population reports at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health.

Function

The IUD changes the chemical composition of the uterus and fallopian tubes. This change makes it difficult for sperm to move, preventing sperm from seeking an egg for fertilization. There is also a belief that the uterine lining becomes inhospitable for fertilized eggs to implant when using an IUD, but this has not been studied or proven.

Types

The IUD is t-shaped and made of plastic. In the United States, there are two options for IUDs. The Parguard IUD is made of copper and is effective for up to 12 years. The Mirena IUD is effective for five years and uses small amounts of progestin to make it effective.

Benefits

IUDs provide birth control that last a long time and is inexpensive, given the life of the device. Because IUDs do not require pre-coital insertion, you may also find that your sex life can be more spontaneous. If you're thinking of having a family, there's no tailing off of hormones, as with other forms of birth control. Removing the IUD makes your body able to become pregnant quickly. IUDs are also safe to use while breastfeeding. The Mirena IUD is also reported to reduce menstrual cramping and flow.

Considerations

Your doctor must prescribe and insert an IUD. The IUD can be inserted at any time, though insertion during your menstrual period ensures that you are not pregnant. Insertion can be uncomfortable. Expect insertion to take about five to 15 minutes.
The strings of an IUD must be checked after each period to ensure that the IUD is still appropriately inserted. If the strings seem shorter or are missing, contact your doctor for assistance.

Warning

Though rare, there are occasional complications with an IUD. It may cause backache or spotting between periods. The IUD may also slip out of your uterus, which can result in pregnancy. It can also cause infection or push through the wall of the uterus during insertion. Infection typically occurs during the first three weeks of use, so contact your doctor if you notice any changes. Insertion issues are typically noted by your doctor at the time of insertion and can be immediately corrected.