According to the University of Washington Neurological Surgery Department, the goal of brain surgery is to “obtain a diagnosis, decrease the tumor 'mass effects' on the brain (stop the pressure effects of the tumor mass within the skull) and remove as much of the tumor as can be done safely” when a tumor is present. Brain surgery is complex and can have significant complications.
Vision Changes
The temporal lobe area is the functional area of the brain that controls vision. Working in an area around the optic nerve or the nerves that control the muscle actions of the eyes can lead to vision changes. If the tumor that needs to be removed is deep within brain tissue or has spread to other areas in the brain, complete surgical removal may not be possible. Extensive removal of brain tissue can damage the chemical pathways and the neurons that control vision. Blindness, blurry vision or lack of muscle control of the eye can result from extensive surgery. Drooping eyelids or unequal pupils can also result.
Balance and Coordination Changes
The cerebellum of the brain is involved with coordination of movement, balance and equilibrium. It is located at the back of the brain just above the brain stem. Surgery in this area has the potential to cause uncoordinated movements such as the inability to walk a straight line. Overreaching for a cup of coffee is caused by the inability to judge distance and knowing when to stop. Injury to the cerebellum can cause an inability to perform rapid alternating movements, tremors, staggering, falling, slurred speech and abnormal eye movements.
Behavior Changes
Patients complain of distractibility and difficulty focusing after brain surgery. Managing multiple bits of information at the same time can be difficult and frustrating. Many patients find that they do better with one on one conversation than conversations held in a group. Making lists and talking themselves through a process can also be helpful.Other behavior changes can include paranoia and aggressiveness. This is particularly difficult when the patient becomes combative. Trying to maintain a peaceful environment and speaking in low tones can help when a person is agitated. Drugs may play a role in the management of an aggressive personality change.
