An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, particularly when it comes to hiking safely in the backcountry. You will be far from immediate help if something goes wrong, and you must be prepared to rely on your own resources. Know what you are physically capable of handling before you go will make your hike more enjoyable.
Plan Your Route
Plan your trip before you go and communicate your route to someone staying behind. If someone knows that you are overdue, she can contact authorities to initiate rescue efforts. A trail map and a compass are vital for staying on track, especially in the backcountry where trails can be faint. Be aware of the kind of terrain that you will encounter on your hike.
Clothing
Dressing properly for a backcountry hike is essential to health, comfort and safety. Wear layers of durable clothing that you can add and remove as needed, depending on weather conditions. Dress for the weather as well, bringing rain gear if it looks like it might rain. Hiking boots are a must, particularly in rough terrain.
Weather
Check weather reports before you go but be aware that weather conditions can change rapidly, especially if you are hiking in a mountainous area. If lightning strikes, stay away from water and tall trees and head to the lowest ground that you can find. In a forested area, seek shelter under the shortest trees. Bringing a small, portable weather station device is a good idea on long hikes.
Supplies
An adequate supply of water can be the difference between safety and danger. One gallon per person per day can cover your water needs. If you must drink water from an outdoor source, purify it first with a portable filter or purification tablets. Assume that no water source is safe. Bring enough food to keep your energy up. Matches, a pocketknife and insect repellent can also come in handy. Pack everything in a sturdy backpack.
Wildlife
You are more likely to encounter wildlife in the backcountry, so learn about what kind of animals you may meet in the area. Generally, wild animals want to avoid encounters with you, but a little knowledge will go a long way if you meet one. How you should react to a bear encounter is different than what to do if you meet a mountain lion, so educate yourself before you go.
First Aid
You or someone in your group should have basic first-aid knowledge. Bring a well-stocked first-aid kit and be prepared to deal with anything from sprains, blisters and cuts to major trauma, such as broken bones and severe lacerations. Depending on where you’re hiking, think about such possibilities as sunstroke, insect bites and hypothermia. If you have a health condition that requires medication, bring an adequate supply.
Getting Lost
The most important thing to do if you become lost is to stay calm. Another vital piece of advice is to stay where you are, unless you are in an unsafe area. Trying to hike your way out when you’re lost can lead you into a more dangerous situation.
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