Thyroid disease is an endocrine disorder of the thyroid gland, which regulates the function of metabolism in the body. It is a common problem and the Cleveland Clinic notes that it affects almost 20 million people in the U.S. Thyroid disease affects more women than men. It is caused by a disturbance in the production or levels of the thyroid hormones: T3 and T4. The indications of thyroid disease are linked to the two major types, hyperthyroidism, or an increased production of hormones, and hypothyroidism, or decreased activity of the thyroid gland.
Mood Changes
Thyroid hormones have great influence on emotions and moods. Hence thyroid disease causes mood changes such as decreased concentration, fatigue and forgetfulness. Hypothyroidism causes depression and mental sluggishness while increased agitation, anxiety and irritability are indications of hyperthyroidism, as noted on MayoClinic.com.
Skin Changes
Excessively dry, rough and thick skin is an indication of hypothyroidism. Abnormal deposits of connective tissue under the skin cause paleness, decreased sweating and increased sensitivity to cold. The nails become hard, brittle and discolored and hair becomes coarse and weak, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. In hyperthyroidism, the gland is overactive, causing increased perspiration, heat intolerance and thin, reddened skin with fine hair.
Body Stature
Hyperthyroidism causes a thin, weak and wasted body appearance with fine tremors of the muscles. This is caused by excess thyroid hormones in the blood stream that increase the body’s metabolic rate, leading to increased hunger, eating and burning of calories. It is usually accompanied by diarrhea, as mentioned by the Cleveland Clinic. On the other hand, symptoms of hypothyroidism include reduced metabolism, increased weight, obesity, constipation and decreased appetite.
Menstrual Disturbance
As explained by the University of Maryland Medical Center, irregular menstruation and decreased sexual activity are also indications of thyroid disease. Women may experience heavier than usual menstrual blood flow or scanty bleeding with sometimes missed periods. There may also be breast engorgement and the inability to get pregnant.
Heart Disorders
MayoClinic.com underlines that increased heart activity is an indication of hyperthyroidism as the elevated levels of thyroid hormones also affect the function of the heart, resulting in increased heart rate and a disturbance in its rhythm. Patients may complain of palpitations and chest pain.
