Candidiasis is a fungal infection, more commonly known as yeast infection. Yeast naturally exists within our bodies. There are a variety of factors that may affect homeostasis and cause an overgrowth of yeast in the body. In women, yeast infections usually occur in the vaginal area.
The Facts
According to the Los Angeles County Public Health Department, approximately 75 percent of women are affected with a yeast infection at least one time in their lives. The prevalence of the infection is higher in pregnant women. Yeast infections may cause mild to severe discomfort. Recurring yeast infections may be a sign of another underlying cause, such as HIV.
Types
In women, yeast infections typically affect the vaginal area. Yeast infections may also occur within the bowels, the oral cavity, the esophagus, the urinary bladder or the skin. A Candida infection within the esophagus can be dangerous if it becomes systemic. Candidemia is a systemic yeast infection that exists within the blood and is difficult to diagnose but typically arises in patients with compromised or suppressed immune systems.
Causes
One of the most common causes of yeast infections is broad spectrum antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, penicillin or tetracycline. A natural balance of several different microorganisms governs our internal environments. Antibiotics destroy bacteria that cause illness, but also kill bacteria that compete with fungi for food. Additional factors that may offset normal bacterial levels within females' bodies include hormonal changes, such as contraceptive use, menopause and pregnancy. Other causes of yeast infections are tight, poorly ventilated undergarments and clothing, douche use and diabetes.
Symptoms
Symptoms of yeast infections include oral thrush, itching, burning or redness of the skin in affected area and thick, white vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese curds. Candidemia symptoms include severe symptoms that resemble flu infections, painful lesions on the skin or wounds that will not heal.
Treatment
Left untreated, vaginal yeast infections will usually clear on their own. During menstruation, the pH of the vagina increases, resulting in an environment too acidic for much of the yeast to survive. Although most yeast infections are more of a discomfort than a health issue, it is best to visit a physician to receive an accurate diagnosis.
Over-the-counter treatments include topical anti-fungal medications, such as creams and suppositories. The creams may also be used on surrounding skin to calm itching and discomfort. Generally, oral treatments are only available with a prescription.
