Toxic shock syndrome has gained notoriety as a condition associated with tampon use, but this life-threatening condition can happen to anyone. The condition occurs when bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus release toxins in the body that invade the bloodstream. The immune system mounts a defensive response to the presence of these toxins. This severe immune reaction causes the effects that are characteristic of toxic shock syndrome.
Rapid Escalation of Flu-like Symptoms
At first the symptoms of toxic shock may seem no more than those of a bad flu. A rapid onset and escalation of symptoms, and their severity, should alert the patient to the possibility of toxic shock syndrome. Headache and sore throat are typical of toxic shock syndrome. These symptoms have a rapid onset and can become potentially fatal within 48 hours, according to the University of Michigan Health System.
Symptoms such as sudden fever of at least 102 degrees F and pinkeye are characteristic of both forms of toxic shock syndrome. Vomiting, diarrhea and muscle pain are associated with toxic shock caused by Staphylococcal bacteria, while Streptococcal toxic shock affects the respiratory system, causing respiratory distress syndrome.
Shock
A person who has toxic shock syndrome may experience effects associated with shock that manifest when blood vessels dilate excessively. These effects, as listed by the University of Michigan Health System, include a drop in blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, mental disorientation and fainting.
Skin Rash
MayoClinic.com states that toxic shock syndrome causes a sunburn-like rash. This effect is commonly observed on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The skin affected by this rash can later begin peeling. Staphylococcal toxic shock is particularly prone to causing this effect, which occurs 3 to 7 days after the syndrome first appears.
Necrosis
Tissue death, or necrosis, is a serious effect sometimes caused by toxic shock syndrome. KidsHealth reports that an infected wound associated with toxic shock can become inflamed and be so severely damaged that the flesh dies.
The University of Michigan Health System adds that this effect occurs early in the syndrome, and the Merck Manual states that necrosis is not commonly seen in Staphylococcal infections, but can occur in 50 percent of patients with toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcal bacterial infections.
