Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily in the testicles. Some men have an abnormally low testosterone level as a result of hypogonadism, a condition in which the testicles produce too little hormone, or due to a natural age-related decline. Physicians sometimes prescribe synthetic testosterone administered as an injection into a muscle, a skin patch, a topical gel, placed between the cheek and gum, or as pellets that are injected into the fat layer under the skin, explains the "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide."
Breast Enlargement
Males who take testosterone may experience breast enlargement, explains MayoClinic.com. This condition, called gynecomastia, can be treated with medication or surgery, if needed.
Testicle Shrinkage
Testosterone may cause the testicles to shrink. Sperm production may be reduced, but this normally does not interfere with being able to have a child.
Nausea
Nausea is a common side effect of testosterone, indicates the "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide." Headache and dizziness are other frequent physical complaints.
Altered Blood Cell Levels
Polycythemia may result from testosterone use; this is a condition in which the body has too many red blood cells, which can increase the odds of heart disease. Testosterone can also reduce the level of white blood cells, a condition called leukopenia. This can increase the risk of infection and other illness.
Prostate Gland Growth
Testosterone use can cause benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy, a condition in which the prostate gland tissue grows, causing difficulties with urination. MayoClinic.com reports that testosterone therapy may also cause prostate cancer to grow at an increased rate.
Excessive Tiredness
Excessive tiredness is another common side effect of testosterone, indicates Drugs.com. This fatigue may cause a man to avoid strenuous activity or to take frequent rest periods.
Acne
Acne or a rash may result from use of the hormone. Some men also experience hair loss from the scalp.
Sleep Difficulties
Some men complain of sleep disorders while taking testosterone. It may also be linked to sleep apnea, a potentially hazardous condition in which breathing stops for brief periods during sleep, explains MayoClinic.com. Sleep apnea often causes excessive daytime sleepiness, which can affect driving and job performance.
References
- “2010 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide”; Amy M. Karch, R.N., M.S.; 2010
- Drugs.com: Testosterone
- Mayo Clinic: Men's Health: Testerone Therapy: Key to Male Vitality?
