Bacterial arthritis, also known as septic arthritis, is an infection in a joint. Joints are lined with a thin tissue called the synovium. Bacteria can easily enter the joint through the synovium and begin causing severe pain and damage to the cartilage. According to MayoClinic.com, the most commonly affected joint in the body is the knee. There are a variety of ways for bacteria to be introduced to a joint.
Existing Infection
If an infection is present elsewhere in the body, bacteria can enter the bloodstream and travel to a joint. At that point, it can easily cross the synovium and begin to damage the joint surfaces. This is the most common cause of bacterial arthritis, according to MayoClinic.com.
Puncture Wound
A puncture wound is a forceful injury caused by a sharp, pointed object penetrating the skin. This type of wound carries a higher risk of infection because it is difficult to clean, and provides a warm, moist place for bacteria to grow. A puncture wound can be a result of trauma to a joint or any drug injection introduced into the joint, according to the University of Michigan Health System.
Post-surgical Infection
Any surgery carries a risk of infection. When the skin is penetrated, it is much easier for bacteria to enter the body. Arthroscopic surgeries are at a lower risk than open procedures due to the smaller incision. The greatest risk is present with joint replacement surgeries because of the foreign objects being introduced into the body and possibly carrying bacteria, states eOrthopod.com.
