Antidepressant medications are used primarily for the treatment of depression and in people with psychiatric conditions that affect mood. The American Academy of Family Physicians indicates that antidepressants act on chemicals in the brain termed neurotransmitters to help regulate chemical levels and decrease the chance of depression or mood instability. A variety of antidepressants exist and each group of medication has certain side effects. In choosing the best antidepressant for relieving symptoms, consider your current medical conditions and, for women, the possible risk of taking medication during pregnancy. For more information on taking antidepressant medications and side effects, consult your physician.
Citalopram, Sertraline and Fluoxetine
The National Institute of Mental Health says the most popular type of antidepressant comes in the class of medication known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs typically have fewer side effects than older forms of antidepressant medications and are the first form of medication tried in people experiencing depression symptoms. Citalopram, sertraline and fluoxetine all have common side effects of nausea, dry mouth and headache. Some SSRIs, such as paroxetine, are associated with sexual side effects, according to Psych Central online, and may warrant finding a medication with less risk of sexual dysfunction.
Desvenlafaxine and Duloxetine
Desvenlafaxine and duloxetine are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). These medications work similarly to the SSRIs, however, the additional chemical of norepinephrine is targeted to regulate mood. The American Academy of Family Physicians indicates SNRIs may offer fewer side effects in addition to causing less interference with use of other medications. Side effects common in using SNRIs within the first two weeks of taking the medications include constipation, anxiety and increased cholesterol levels. The Mayo Clinic further notes that sexual side effects may occur with use of SNRIs and cautions against use of this class of medication if liver or kidney problems exist.
Bupropion
According to the Mayo Clinic, bupropion is the only antidepressant medication available deemed as having no sexual side effects. This medication is in the class known as norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs). The downside to use of this medication is the potential for causing an increase in blood pressure or seizure in people with a pre-existing seizure disorder. Other possible side effects include weight loss, loss of appetite and headache.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Antidepressants: Selecting One That's Right for You
- National Institute of Mental Health: What Medications are Used to Treat Depression
- Psych Central: Which Antidepressants Cause the Least Sexual Side Effects
- American Academy of Family Physicians: Antidepressants Medicine for Depression
- Mayo Clinic: Side Effects of NDRIs
