Ringworm of the scalp, or tinea capitis, is a fungal infection of the scalp. Often appearing in toddlers and school-age children, symptoms of the condition include itching, bald spots, redness and tenderness. Hair may become fragile and easily pull out. Risk factors include young age, overcrowded living conditions and poor hygiene. Because the condition remains contagious and continual, treatment is critical, according to MayoClinic.com. Left untreated the fungal condition spreads from person to person, to animals and everyday objects.
Oral Medications
Treatment must include prescription medications, advises MayoClinic.com. The clinic reports griseofulvin and terbinafine hydrochloride are the two most common medications. Oral medication griseofulvin comes in tablet, capsule or liquid form. Patients should always wear additional sun protection when taking the drug because light sensitivity is a common side effect. Terbinafine hydrochloride, also known as Lamisil granules, is sprinkled over and mixed with a spoon of food. Patients should not consume medication with acidic foods such as applesauce or fruit-based foods, reports Drugs.com. Patients should take the medication immediately after mixing; do not crush or chew the medication. Prescriptions for both medications commonly suggest a six-week dosage. Signs and symptoms may disappear soon after starting medication; however, it is important for patients to take the full course of medication.
Specialty Shampoos
MayoClinic.com states that special shampoos help stop spread the fungal infection to other people or other parts of the body. Look for shampoos containing the ingredient selenium sulfide, often found in dandruff shampoos. A medical doctor may order a prescription strength shampoo. The shampoo should be lathered well onto the scalp and allowed to sit for five minutes prior to rinsing. Alternate the shampoo with regular shampoos; use the medicated shampoo about two to three times a week. The shampoo will not cure the condition, but stop the spread of ringworm.
Kerion Treatment
If the condition continues to develop, a large tender lesion called a kerion may form, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. For extremely deep and tender kerions, corticosteroids are prescribed. The medications come in oral and liquid form. The medications quickly decrease the inflammation associated with the kerion. Symptoms of a kerion include a tender, pus-filled area, fever and possible swollen glands. If the kerion remains untreated, scarring and permanent hair loss often occur.
