Eye drops are used to treat eye conditions and make eyes feel better. Some eye drops are prescribed by a doctor while others are available over the counter, and different types of eye drops ares targeted to specific eye problems. Determining the precise condition that needs to be treated is the first step to choosing the right eye drops.
Types
Lubricating eye drops can be purchased over the counter and treat dry eye caused by weather conditions or a defect of the eyes. Eye redness or itchiness caused by a cold or flu can be treated using over-the-counter decongestant drops, but because these dry out eyes, they should not be used for dry eye. Over-the-counter antihistamine drops alleviate red and itchy eyes caused by allergies. Prescription eye drops include corticosteroid eye drops, antibiotic eye drops and eye drops to treat glaucoma. Anesthetic eye drops relieve pain in the eye and should only be used under a doctor's supervision.
Usage
To use eye drops, the patient should tilt the head back and gently pull the lower lid down with a clean finger, as explained by Medline Plus. He should drop the liquid into the pocket formed by the lower lid, then close his eyes. The patient can then press on the tear ducts in the inner corner of the eye for a few minutes before blotting the area around the eye to clean up any excess overflow.
Side Effects
Side effects that take place in the eye and typically occur shortly after using the drops may include blurred vision, irritation and redness of the eye. Other side effects may occur after the eye drops move into the lymphatic system or bloodstream in back of the eye, including dizziness, headaches and a slowing of heart rate. Red, swollen and itchy eyes after using eye drops may indicate an allergy.
Safety
Eye drops are generally considered safe as long as they do not become contaminated. Eye drops usually contain preservatives that help prevent bacteria from growing in them, but which may be irritating to the eyes of some people. Preservative-free eye drops are available, but they are more expensive and are more prone to spoilage.
Considerations
When using eye drops, the user should take care not to touch the dropper tip that inserts the drops and to clean the hands and eye area before administering drops. Because some medications may interact with the active ingredients in eye drops, anyone considering using them should have a discussion with their physician about any medications, vitamins or herbal remedies they are using.
