The human body produces a hormone known as insulin. This hormone helps the body process sugar and starches found in food and use it for fuel. In some people, the body does not produce enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin it produces, which leads to a condition called diabetes. Many with diabetes are not aware that they have the disease, as there are few outward symptoms. If a patient complains of excessive thirst and frequent urination, the physician may order a blood test to check his glucose levels or discover the presence of diabetes through routine blood tests performed during an annual physical.
Type 1
Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, occurs when the body does not process enough insulin to process the sugar and starches needed to fuel the body. Blood sugar levels will continue to rise while muscles and organs remain starved for energy. There is no cure, however, many patients are able to manage this form of the disease with insulin, exercise and diet management.
Type 2
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is not using insulin properly. Again, blood sugar levels rise and the body remains starved for energy. Fatigue, excessive thirst, and difficulty healing are common symptoms and laboratory testing is necessary to determine whether a patient has Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Managing this type of diabetes often includes lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. However, it may be necessary to use medication designed to stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin or limit glucose production within the liver.
Gestational diabetes
This type of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy. Treatment includes close monitoring of blood sugar levels, diet management and exercise. In some cases, medication, including insulin, may be necessary. Gestational diabetes often goes away once the pregnancy is over though some patients later develop Type 2 diabetes.
