Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity and/or impulsive behavior. Though more commonly diagnosed among children, ADHD affects approximately 8 to 9 million adults in America, according to the Attention Deficit Disorder Association. In addition to medication and psychotherapy, certain foods and dietary approaches may influence symptoms of the disorder.
Function
A diet for adults with ADHD aims to reduce or prevent negative symptoms, while improving cognitive function, behavior and overall wellness. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), ADHD diets often work to eliminate foods and substances believed to trigger symptoms, such as sugar and food additives.
Dietary Approaches
Numerous dietary approaches exist for people with ADHD. Though few have proven effective in eliminating symptoms, according to the UMMC, avoiding particular foods may help reduce symptoms. The Feingold diet involves eliminating salicylates--chemicals in various berries, vegetables and spices, as well as aspirin--and food additives. Other diets promote restriction of gluten--a protein found in wheat, barley and rye, dairy products and processed foods.
Helpful Foods
Various healthy foods may support wellness and brain function in adults with ADHD. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, ground flaxseed, walnuts and canola oil, are healthy fats that support brain function and mood balance. In addition, Mayo Clinic psychiatrist John E. Huxsahl, M.D., recommends that individuals with ADHD seek a diet based on fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Protein-rich foods may also support brain function. Optimum sources of protein include lean poultry, fish, legumes and low-fat dairy or soy-based products.
Foods to Avoid
Though no foods are known to cause ADHD, certain foods may exacerbate symptoms. Huxsahl recommends limiting intake of such foods, including processed and high-sugar foods, such as potato chips, pretzels, candy, soft drinks, ice cream, pastries, enriched and sugary breakfast cereals, enriched white or wheat bread, instant soups, fast food and commercially prepared cookies, cakes and brownies.
Suggestions
While a nutrient-rich diet can promote wellness and improved brain function in adults with ADHD, special diets geared toward the disorder lack supporting evidence. Dietary supplements are also available for the treatment of ADHD; however, these, too, lack evidence and may cause adverse side effects. For these reasons, the UMMC suggests doctor's guidance prior to making significant dietary changes and before use of supplements. Performing regular exercise, engaging in relaxation techniquies, not smoking and avoiding alcohol may also promote emotional and physical well-being in individuals with ADHD.
