The varicella zoster virus, the organism that causes chickenpox, also causes shingles, or herpes zoster. The virus remains dormant in the body after a chickenpox outbreak and later reactivates as shingles. High-risk groups include people who are older than 60, who have weakened immune systems or who contracted chickenpox before the age of 1 year. Shingles is not contagious, but contact with the fluid-filled blisters can cause a susceptible person to develop chickenpox. There is no cure for shingles; instead, treatment focuses on alleviating the symptoms—pain and rash—and preventing infection.
Antiviral Drugs
Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir can help relieve the pain of shingles and reduce complications, according to the National Institutes of Health. These medications are prescribed in high doses and are generally given by mouth, although sometimes patients require intravenous administration. For the best effect, the drugs need to be started within the first 24 hours, as soon as the pain starts and before blisters appear. Antiviral medications are probably not effective if started later than 72 hours after blisters form, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids—prednisone, methylprednisolone, cortisone or hydrocortisone—can relieve the itching, pain and inflammation of shingles, according to the Cleveland Clinic. However, notes the National Institutes of Health, these medications are not always effective.
Other Medications
To relieve the pain and itching of shingles, over-the-counter antihistamines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be effective, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or narcotics may be necessary for severe pain.
Other Treatments
To relieve pain and itching, the patient may find it helpful to bathe in bath mixed with oatmeal, apply calamine lotion or apply cool compresses. To prevent bacterial skin infection, the patient should keep the skin clean and dry. Bed linens and other nondisposable items should be disinfected after they are used.
Rest
Resting, as well as avoiding stress and strenuous activities, can speed healing, notes the Mayo Clinic. Stress can exacerbate the pain, so hobbies, tai chi and other relaxing activities can help to relieve the symptoms of shingles.
