Digestive problems, such as diarrhea, gas, bloating, constipation and abdominal pain are common. They can be caused by many factors, including dietary habits, stress, medications, food allergies and digestive diseases. Digestive problems are often managed effectively through lifestyle remedies and, in some cases, medications. Because digestive symptoms can be caused by many conditions, some serious, persistent or severe digestive problems should be addressed by a doctor.
Types
Common digestive problems include reflux, intestinal gas, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation. Reflux refers to stomach acid that regurgitates back into the esophagus after eating. Indigestion, or dyspepsia, refers to fullness during meals, uncomfortable fullness following meals and pain or burning in the upper abdominal region. Chronic abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, constipation and diarrhea not associated with a digestive disease can indicate irritable bowel syndrome. IBS affects 10 percent to 20 percent of the population at any time, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Causes
Numerous factors can contribute to digestive problems, including poor diet, certain foods and beverages, stress, genetics and medications. Food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance--the inability to properly digest milk sugars--may also contribute. According to the UMMC, up to 60 percent of people with IBS have serotonin deficiencies and emotional problems, such as depression. Overeating, eating high-fat, spicy or greasy foods and eating quickly commonly trigger indigestion and related symptoms.
Treatment
Mild digestive problems can dissipate without need for medical treatment or resolve through lifestyle changes. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse recommends consuming smaller meals, refraining from smoking, alcohol and carbonated beverages, stopping use of medications that trigger symptoms and getting adequate rest as lifestyle remedies for indigestion. A high-fiber diet can alleviate constipation and various symptoms of IBS. Medications, such as over-the-counter antacids and anti-inflammatory drugs can alleviate reflux and inflammation of the digestive tract. When digestive problems arise as symptoms of a more serious medical condition, treatment of the underlying condition is key.
Associated Diseases
While digestive problems are common and often mild, they might also indicate digestive diseases. According to a Los Angeles Times article from Aug. 17, 2009, common digestive diseases include peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Peptic ulcers are sores in the stomach lining. GERD refers to recurrent reflux, coupled with heartburn and other symptoms. Gallstones are deposits that collect in the gall bladder. Small pouches (diverticula) develop in the intestines that become inflamed reflect diverticulitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by inflammation. They include Crohn's disease and colitis.
Suggestions
The UMMC recommends a natural, whole-foods diet based on fruits, vegetables and whole grains to prevent or reduce IBS symptoms. According to the Los Angeles Times article, proper hydration is vital to reduce constipation. Dining in a relaxed manner, regular exercise and avoiding foods known to trigger digestive symptoms can provide many benefits. Serious digestion problems should be addressed by medical professionals.
