Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder that for many can be difficult to treat. Medication is effective for some, however is not without side effects, leading many individuals to seek alternative methods of treatment, including behavior modification. Behavior modification is used with both adults and children suffering from ADHD, and is supported by extensive research.
Research conducted at the University at Buffalo found that combining behavior modification therapy with medication is the most effective way to improve symptoms of ADHD. Researcher William E. Pelham, Jr., University at Buffalo Distinguished Professor, notes that when behavior modification is used, medication can often be reduced by up to two thirds of the doseage.
Environmental Changes
Making changes within the home and school environment are effective behavioral modifications techniques according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Individuals with ADHD are easily distracted from completing tasks, misplace things and often forget or run late to appointments or work. The CDC identifies many behavioral methods for those with ADHD including establishing a daily routine, becoming highly organized so needed items can be found at all times, and limiting environmental distractions such as television. To avoid over stimulation children with ADHD should be given limited choices, simple direct directions, and clear and predictable consequences.
Contingency Management (CM)
Contingency Management (CM) is a behavioral plan in which access to a desired activity is contingent upon completing a less desirable task. For example, a child may be required to complete their homework, prior to being able to play a video game. CM is an intensive form of behavior modification, often used within a treatment facility or specialized classroom, however CM can be used in a more mild form within a home setting. The Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice explains that CM works because an undesirable activity is more likely to be repeated when followed by a reward, positive reinforcement is more effective in controlling behavior than punishment, and CM may even be used with an out of control individual as it teaches self control.
Clinical Behavior Therapy (CBT)
Clinical behavior therapy is a form of therapy designed to teach caregivers how to implement behavior modification strategies. Therapists use CBT to help parents set up a behavior modification plan, implement such plan, and monitor progress through family therapy as well as parent training courses. The CDC emphasizes that parent training is crucial to the success of behavior modification. Teachers are often involved in the therapy process so behavioral strategies are applied to the classroom. CBT plays an important role in behavior modification as it teaches, implements and maintains behavioral plans.
