A nerve becomes pinched when excessive pressure is placed on it by nearby structures, such as a herniated disc or bone spur. When the nerve becomes pinched, it causes local and radiating pain, numbness and tingling, muscle weakness and changes in sensation. When the L5 nerve becomes pinched and these symptoms occur down the back of the leg, it is referred to as sciatica. Pinched nerves can occur anywhere in the body but are common in the lumbar spine. According to the Mayo Clinic, most people recover within a few days from the effects of a pinched nerve with only conservative treatment and rest.
Rest
Eighty to 90 percent of people with pinched nerves in the lumbar spine recover without surgery, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, and a few days of bed rest is recommended. More than a day or two can actually exacerbate the problem by causing muscle weakness. It is a good idea to avoid any activities that can aggravate symptoms, but returning to normal activity as soon as possible is ideal.
Medication
A particularly good medication for treating sciatic pain is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. These medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, are helpful because they treat inflammation and block pain. They are readily available over the counter. A doctor may also prescribe oral steroids, muscle relaxers, or in severe cases, a short course of narcotic pain relievers. When pain does not respond to these medications, a steroid may be injected directly into the area of the L5 nerve that is being pinched to reduce irritating inflammation. According to Spine-health, epidural steroid injections do not work for everyone and are temporary in nature.
Ice/Heat
A very conservative treatment choice is the use of an ice pack or heat pack. According to the National Institutes of Health, ice should be used in the first 48 to 72 hours to help reduce inflammation and pain. After that period, heat may be helpful in restoring blood flow and easing muscle tension. Neither ice nor heat should be applied directly to the skin. Instead, wrap them in a towel and apply to the painful area for 20 minutes every two hours.
Exercise
Physical therapy exercises may be recommended and can be helpful in building strength and stretching tight muscles. Weakness in the low back can allow excessive pressure to be applied to the discs, causing them to eventually herniate and pinch the L5 nerve. According to Spine Universe, engaging in gentle stretching exercises can also release endorphins that will help relieve pain naturally.
Surgery
If the pain from a pinched nerve in the lower back does not resolve with conservative treatment or continues to worsen, surgery may be required to help relieve the pressure. Even though most people recover without surgery, some cases of herniated disc or bone spur will require surgical removal.
