Crohn's disease is a chronic illness that causes inflammation in the digestive tract lining and bothersome symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. While no known cure for Crohn's disease exists, symptoms are often manageable through lifestyle changes and medical care, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). If left untreated, Crohn's disease triggers serious complications. Adhering to proper medical treatments and lifestyle recommendations may help prevent potential complications of Crohn's disease.
Common Complications
Thickening of the intestinal wall may cause blockages in people with Crohn's disease. According to the NDDIC, intestinal blockages are the most common complication of the disease. Additional common complications include ulcers (sores) that can spread to tissues in the vagina, bladder or skin. Ulcers may tunnel into the rectum and anus--sores known as fistulas. Nutrient deficiencies may also stem from Crohn's disease.
Other Complications
Though less common, Crohn's disease complications needn't involve the digestive tract, such as arthritis, inflammation of the skin or eyes, clubbed fingernails, kidney stones, gallstones and inflammation of the bile ducts--structures that carry bile. Long-term Crohn's disease can lead to osteoporosis (brittle bones) and, potentially, colon cancer. According to the Mayo Clinic, Crohn's disease that persists longer than eight years that spreads throughout the colon increases the risk of colon and anal cancers.
Prevention
Following doctor-prescribed medical and dietary guidelines may help prevent or reduce the severity of Crohn's disease symptoms and complications. The NDDIC suggests regular doctor visits, which can ensure diagnosis and treatment of problems such as nutrient deficiencies. Avoiding foods known to trigger or exacerbate Crohn's disease flare-ups and managing stress may also help.
Treatment
Treatment for complications of Crohn's disease vary, depending on the type and severity of symptoms. According to the NDDIC, roughly 2/3 to 3/4 of patients with Crohn's disease require surgery at some point, either to alleviate symptoms or reduce intestinal blockages. Nutrient deficiencies may be treated through dietary changes and/or dietary supplements, with doctor guidance. Medications to reduce inflammation and pain can help ease adverse effects of Crohn's disease complications.
Suggestions
People diagnosed with Crohn's disease should stay in close contact with doctors and dietary professionals. In addition, the Mayo Clinic suggests consuming small, frequent meals rather than two or three large meals daily, adhering to a low-fat diet and avoiding dairy products if they tend to trigger symptoms, such as gas and bloating. Appropriate hydration, doctor-approved exercise and approaching high fiber foods with caution may also prove helpful. Discussing severe or persistent symptoms, whether seemingly related to Crohn's disease or not, with doctors can help ensure that complications that do arise are caught and addressed early.
