Attention deficit disorder, also known as ADD or ADHD is a psychiatric illness. Although this condition first manifests itself in childhood, two-thirds of children with this condition will continue to have symptoms in adulthood, the Mayo Clinic notes. ADD can be treated with a variety of medications and with therapy to help adults learn to deal with their illness.
Pathology
Attention deficit disorder is marked by abnormal brain anatomy and physiology, Merck Medicus explains. Imaging of the brains of people with attention deficit disorders has shown that certain parts of the brain are slightly smaller than the corresponding brain regions in normal people. Areas of decreased neurological activity have also been identified in patients with ADD. In addition, adults with attention deficit disorder have some regions of the brain that receive less blood flow than usual.
Causes
Attention deficit disorder in adults is always preceded by attention deficit disorder in childhood, the Mayo Clinic explains. Attention deficit disorder appears to have a genetic component because the condition often runs in families. Mothers who smoke, use drugs or who are exposed to certain toxins while pregnant have an increased chance of having children with attention deficit disorder. ADD can also be the result of exposure to certain toxins in the environment during childhood.
Symptoms
Some of the common traits of attention deficit disorder in adults include impulsivity and having trouble focusing or concentrating. Adults with ADD may also have problems with mood swings, having a hot temper and engaging in difficult relationships. ADD can also lead to problems with organization, finishing tasks and coping with stressful situations. Often these symptoms significantly impair the patient's social, work and family life.
Diagnosis
Attention deficit disorder in adults is typically diagnosed via a series of questions from the patient's doctor, according to Family Doctor. Typical questions will ask if the patient has trouble paying attention and staying focused, as well as if the patient has problems with organization and mood swings. These questions will also try to determine the settings in which these problems occur. Because ADD begins in childhood, many doctors will also ask patients about their childhoods to determine if the patient had similar behavioral problems growing up. A complete physical exam should also be performed to rule out other medical problems that could cause ADD-like symptoms.
Treatment
Adults with attention deficit disorder are frequently treated with both medications and psychotherapy. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are widely used to treat ADD because they can stimulate the brain. This increases neurological activity in the parts of the brain that control attention and concentration. Certain antidepressants, such as bupropion, can also be used. Psychotherapy and counseling are also important for treating ADD. It aims to teach adults how to better manage their time, organize better and develop new problem-solving strategies. Many patients also require marital counseling and/or family therapy to help the people around them understand more about attention deficit disorder.
