Alzheimer's is a common disease in the United States affecting about 5.3 million people. It is a neurodegenerative disease, meaning that normal brain functions decrease as the disease progresses. Plaques grow in areas of the brain controlling learning and memory, and thinking and planning. While Alzheimer's is an incurable condition, learning about Alzheimer's stages will help you and your family prepare for the future. Understanding the stages will help you find ways to stay independent as long as possible.
Stage 1: No impairment
In this stage, you will not experience any memory loss. During a medical exam, the doctor will not notice any cognitive problems. To delay the Alzheimer's progression, exercise your mind through puzzles, memory exercises and regular physical activity.
Stage 2: Very mild decline
Having trouble finding your keys or forgetting words? These can be signs of the second stage of Alzheimer's. A very mild decline in brain function, like forgetfulness, may be noticeable to you but is sometimes not detected during a medical exam. Develop regular routines to make finding objects easier. Continue to exercise your mind and stay physically active on a daily basis.
Stage 3: Mild decline
Memory lapses increase during this third stage. Losing valuable objects, trouble concentrating and difficulty planning are typical symptoms. It may be hard to find words or remember new names. Alzheimer's cause performance issues at work or socially. Create checklists to help with planning and staying on task. Carry a notebook with you to write down new information that you'll need to remember later.
Stage 4: Moderate decline
Expect more significant cognitive problems such as decreased knowledge of recent events and difficulty with challenging arithmetic. Planning dinner for guests, paying bills or managing finances becomes more difficult. Reduced memory of personal history and social withdrawal are also common. Create a plan in advance for who will manage your finances and make important decisions on your behalf. Stay socially engaged and continue to exercise.
Stage 5: Moderately severe decline
You will be unable to recall important details such as your address or phone numbers. Confusion about your location, the date or the season of the year are typical at this stage. Less challenging arithmetic also becomes more difficult. Get assistance with activities like selecting appropriate clothing or grocery shopping. Eating and using the toilet should be problems. In preparation, create a list of care providers who will be able to assist you. Make a financial plan for how you will pay for any assistance if necessary.
Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline
Alzheimer's attacks a greater area of your brain in this stage, affecting sleep cycles, personality and short-term memory. Patients in this stage cannot recognize basic details such as recent events or surroundings, and cannot execute basic daily living tasks like using the bathroom. Personality changes include suspiciousness, delusions, compulsiveness or hallucinations. Plan for skilled nursing care during this stage. Ensure that your living environment will be safe and adapted to your capabilities.
Stage 7: Very severe cognitive decline
By this point, the brain shrinks significantly and motor control areas of the brain have extensive damage. Expect trouble with eating, speaking, continence and gross motor skills in this stage. You will also have difficulty walking, sitting, smiling and swallowing. Plan for advanced nursing care in this phase. Create a plan for how and where your care will be provided. Ensure any estate plans are in place.
