There are multiple different types of painkillers that are available either over-the-counter or by prescription. Painkillers can be used to treat the mild or severe pain that is brief or chronic. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, or NIDA, reports that painkillers taken according to the manufacturer and/or doctor's recommendations are safe and effective, but taken excessively can lead to addiction.
Acetaminophen
FamilyDoctor.org, an online publication sponsored by the American Academy of Family Physicians, notes that acetaminophen is a common type of over-the-counter pain reliever. This type of painkiller is available in pill form, and is also often included in cough medicines. Taking too much acetaminophen over a long period of time can cause liver damage, however. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services adds that acetaminophen works best on mild pain and is not addictive like some other painkillers.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
These over-the-counter medications are also effective painkillers for the treatment of mild pain, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human services. Examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are ibuprofen, naproxin and aspirin. NSAIDS are not quite as safe as acetominophen as they are associated with an elevated risk of complications such as bleeding in the stomach and even heart attacks. NSAIDS stop pain by blocking pain enzymes and also reduce swelling.
Narcotics
Narcotics, also called opioids, are potent painkillers that are prescribed by a doctor to treat severe chronic pain. In addition to relieving pain, FamilyDoctor.org notes that narcotics can cause difficulty concentrating and/or thinking clearly. Another common side effect is constipation; drinking enough fluids and eating plenty of fruit and vegetables can help prevent this condition.
When narcotics are taken as prescribed, NIDA reports that they are safe and very effective. When people take more of this medication than prescribed, however, they may become addicted. Examples of narcotics include morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone.
