Congestive heart failure, also known as heart failure, is characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood sufficiently to all parts of the body. Heart failure is the end result of cardiovascular disease. During a person’s lifetime, damage to the heart and blood vessels, as well as any structural or congenital defects affecting the heart, can lead to this condition.
According to the Mayo Clinic, prognosis depends on the cause and severity of heart failure as well as the overall health of the patient. Other diseases such as anemia, emphysema, hyper/hypothyroidism, kidney disease or diabetes may cause, contribute to or worsen the effects of heart failure.
Congestion
Due to the reduced pumping action of the heart, blood may build up in the arms, legs, lungs, liver and gastrointestinal tract. Oxygen and nutrients are not transported efficiently and thereby affect the health and functionality of these organs. Fluid accumulates in the tissues of the lungs, leading to swelling and shortness of breath.
Kidney Damage
Reduced blood flow can rob the kidneys of needed nutrients and the kidneys’ ability to excrete excess sodium and water, leading to increased swelling. Over time, if heart disease is not treated, severe kidney damaged will result, which may require dialysis.
Liver Damage
If fluid builds up in the liver, extreme pressure is exerted, which causes scarring and reduction in proper function.
Heart Attack and Stroke
Slow-moving blood flow can increase the chances of blood clot development. As these clots travel in a reduced flow, they have a greater ability to block blood flow to the heart or brain, possibly leading to heart attack or stroke, respectively.
Medications
According to MedlinePlus, certain medications may exacerbate heart failure, including but not limited to thiazolidinediones, metformin, cilostazol, PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, vardenafil) and arrhythmia medications. A doctor should be consulted before stopping any medications, however.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The American Heart Association says diagnosis and treatment for heart failure are best identified by a doctor. Treatment programs usually include treating underlying conditions such as high blood pressure or valve abnormalities, rest, proper diet, modified daily activities and/or medications such as ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, beta blockers, digitalis, diuretics and/or vasodilators.
Prevention
According to the Mayo Clinic, the best way to prevent heart failure is to eliminate or reduce risk factors by eating a healthy diet, reducing salt intake, not drinking alcohol in excess, not smoking, being physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, getting annual physicals, and controlling blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
