An itchy scalp can cause chronic irritation and can be caused by several different conditions. Treatment may depend upon both the condition and the severity and can include over-the-counter or prescription remedies. Psoriasis, head lice and seborrheic dermatitis are common conditions that can affect the scalp.
Psoriasis
According to the Mayo Clinic, psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes the skin cells to accumulate and form thick, silvery scales. Psoriasis can appear on the scalp or other areas of the body and can cause dry, itchy, red patches. Pain and stiff joints also may be associated with psoriasis. No cures exist for psoriasis; however, treatment can help reduce the scaling. Self-treatments include applying non-prescription creams to the affected area, Epsom salt baths, exposure to sunlight and gentle moisturizers. Prescription medications such as corticosteroids, topical retinoids and vitamin D analogues can also be used.
Head Lice
According to an article reviewed by Mary L. Gavin, Md., medical editor, KidsHealth, head lice are a common problem for kids (especially girls) age 3 to 12 years old. They are described as tiny parasitic insects that feed on blood drawn from the scalp and cause chronic itching. These insects are contagious and with persistent scratching can lead to an inflamed scalp and infection. Head lice, though minuscule, can be visible, especially on dark-haired individuals. Treatment consists of either prescription or over-the-counter creams, shampoos or lotions.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
According to the Mayo Clinic, seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin disorder that mainly affects the scalp. This condition may occur at any age, but for infants is known as cradle cap. Other areas of the body that may be affected are the face, chest, back and oily areas of the skin. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown; however, several contributing factors may raise the risks. Stress, fatigue, yeast infections, season changes, neurological conditions (such as Parkinson's disease) and those with HIV or AIDS are all at risk of developing the condition. Medicated shampoos are often used for treatment, including over-the-counter formulas containing tar, ciclopirox, pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid and ketoconazole. These shampoos should be used several times a week and can be alternated for better results. If no improvements are noted after several weeks, talking to a dermatologist may be necessary. A prescription-strength formula or steroid lotion may be the next step.
