Kayaks are long, narrow watercraft propelled by the paddling of the pilot and, in some cases, passengers. Kayak pilots can steer the craft by paddling on only one side of the craft. However, when a water current is present, use of a rudder can prove more convenient. These devices attach to the rear end of the kayak and are controlled through the use of pedals.
Rudder Blades
The rudder blade is made up of a large, roughly rectangular piece of wood, metal or fiberglass that's attached to a hinged pivot point. The design of the pivot is such that the operator can swing the rudder left and right or bring it upward and out of the water. Withdrawing the rudder reduces drag, but renders the kayak more vulnerable to side winds. Different construction materials bring benefits and drawbacks. Fiberglass rudders are light, but are susceptible to breaking. Metal rudders are sturdy but heavy and wooden rudders are strong and of moderate weight, but might warp over time.
Steering Lines
The steering lines connect the rudder blade to the pedal controls. These lines are held in place by tubes and tracks designed to keep them out of the way and guide them as they move. One end of each line is tied to a hole at the top of the kayak pivot while the other is connected to a metal slider. Once the line is attached, the sliders are inserted into the track and the pedals are affixed to the sliders. The ends of the steering lines are susceptible to fraying. As a preventative measure, the ends can be singed to bind the fibers.
Pedals
Use of the rudder is controlled with pedals set toward the bow of the kayak. When both pedals are level, the rudder will steer straight. If the left pedal is down, the rudder will turn the kayak to the left. By adjusting the amount of pressure applied to the pedals, the operator is able to vary the angle of the rudder, which affects the angle of the turn. The pedals are designed to move freely when the kayak's steering is in working order. If they require an excessive amount of pressure to use, this can indicate a problem with the steering lines or slider.
Retraction Line
The retraction line provides the means for the pilot to lift the rudder out of the water, as well as a way of securing the rudder when it is not in use. The line is simple to use. The operator pulls on the end of the line, causing the rudder to pivot upwards on its hinge. Once the rudder is out of the water, the line is then pushed into a cleat, which acts to hold the rudder in place.
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