Patients use the word dizziness to describe many sensations, according to the Merck Manual of Geriatrics. Common descriptions include the sensation of motion in space, whooziness, lightheadedness, imbalance and unsteadiness. Equilibrium is maintained by a complex network of systems within the body. Finding the cause of chronic dizziness is possible, but can be challenging.
Meniere's Disease
Meniere's disease affects the inner ear. It causes episodes of a spinning sensation, called vertigo, explains the American Academy of Otolaryngology. Sufferers also complain of ringing, buzzing or roaring sounds in the ears, called tinnitus. Hearing loss can result. It can affect one or both ears. The cause of Meniere's disease is unknown, but it may be related to an excess amount of normal fluid in the middle ear. Treatment may include water pills to remove excess fluid, anti-vertigo medicines and injections of corticosteroids or antibiotics into the ear. A mechanical pump to reduce ear pressure, called a Meniette device, is a treatment option. Surgery may be required for severe cases of vertigo.
Cervical Spondylitis
Cervical spondylitis results from age-related deterioration of the spinal discs in the neck, according to MayoClinic.com. Dizziness associated with cervical spondylitis is described as a lack of coordination that causes difficulty walking. Other symptoms include neck stiffness and pain, numbness, weakness or tingling in the arms, legs, hands or feet, arm or shoulder pain, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Treatment includes physical therapy, pain-relieving medicine, a neck brace, the application of ice or heat and corticosteroid injections between the discs. Uncommonly, cervical spondylitis may cause narrowing of the spinal canal or abnormal bone growths that damage nerves, resulting in permanent disability. Surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord may be performed in severe cases.
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a disorder that causes reduced circulation to the back of the brain, according to Medline Plus. The cerebellum, a structure in the brain that controls movement coordination, can be damaged. Common causes of vertebrobasilar insufficiency are stroke and atherosclerosis, a hardening of the blood vessels caused by a buildup of fatty materials. Injury from an accident or rough manipulation by a chiropractor or masseuse can also damage the vessels. Symptoms include loss of balance and coordination, headache, hearing loss, neck pain, nausea and vomiting, and vertigo. Sudden onset of symptoms may indicate a stroke, which requires emergency medical treatment.
