According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, diabetic ulcers are the most common cause of injuries that lead to foot amputation. Diabetics should be aware of the potential foot-related complications, which can be debilitating and cause long-term disability. Diabetics can prevent such ulcers with proper foot care and regulation of blood glucose levels.
Risk Factors
In addition to diabetes, several risk factors can lead to foot ulcers, including peripheral neuropathy, foot deformations and peripheral vascular disease. Neuropathy, a lack of sensation in the lower extremities, can lead to untreated wounds. Foot deformities lead to problems with finding well-fitting shoes, which can lead to foot injuries or ulcers. Peripheral vascular disease, or circulatory problems, can lead to wounds not healing properly. Smokers are at greater risk for circulatory problems in the feet, which can lead to foot ulcers.
Foot Inspection
Because diabetics are particularly at risk for neuropathy, they need to inspect their feet regularly and should have them inspected by their doctor at every visit. On a daily basis, diabetics or their caretakers should inspect their feet, including the soles and between the toes for any injuries or ulcerations.
Prompt Treatment and Intervention
It can be tempting to treat a small wound or ulcer at home. However, when you are a diabetic, this can be dangerous. Treating a wound at home can lead to infections or other complications. Visiting the doctor once a foot wound is identified can help prevent any complications. High blood sugar and poor circulation can lead to slow wound healing, so diabetics should leave the treatment of wounds to their doctor. Calluses, ingrown toenails and other foot problems should also be treated by a doctor to prevent possible complications.
Hygiene
Diabetics should wash their feet with soap and water daily. Feet should be kept dry as much as possible to prevent fungal infections. Toenails should be cut straight across. If toenails are too difficult to cut, this can be done by a foot doctor. Moisturizing feet can be beneficial, but too much moisture between the toes can be a problem.
Proper Footwear
Because diabetics are at risk for neuropathy and circulation problems, which can lead to decreased sensation in the feet, it is important that they get properly fitted for shoes. Wearing the incorrect shoe size can lead to diabetic foot injuries. In addition, shoes should not be too tight around the toes. Cotton socks are the best, so that the feet do not get too moist. Going barefoot is never advisable.
