A bladder infection occurs when bacteria such as Escherichia coli enter the urethra and travel to the bladder causing an inflammation of the inner lining of the urinary bladder, notes the Hershey Medical Center Website. In addition to bacterial infection, blockage of normal urine flow or incomplete emptying of the bladder in pregnant women or men with enlarged prostate can also cause bladder infections. According to Medline Plus, antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and fluoroquinolones are commonly prescribed for mild bladder infections.
Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections including those affecting the bladder, kidneys and prostrate. According to Infection Update, levofloxacin has profound bactericidal activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms including those responsible for bladder infections such as E. coli. A 250 mg dose of levofloxacin is taken once daily for a period of three to 10 days depending the severity of the bladder infection. According to Drugs.com, side effects commonly associated with levofloxacin include nausea, diarrhea and dizziness; however, in rare cases, levofloxacin can cause damage to the Archilles tendon.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a combination of two antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including urinary tract infections and bladder infections, notes the Mayo Clinic. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has bacteriostatic properties, inhibiting the production of folic acid, which is essential for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Side effects commonly associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole include flatulence, trouble sleeping and increased sensitivity to light. In rare but severe cases, an individual might develop an allergic reaction such as a rash or swelling of the face.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is a penicillin-based antibiotic prescribed for the treatment of bacterial infections including bladder infections and urinary tract infections. Amoxicillin inhibits the growth of bacterial colonies by preventing the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. By binding the penicillin-binding proteins in the interior of the cell membrane, the bacteria is forced to release autolysins that lyse and destroy the bacterial cells. Side effects commonly associated with amoxicillin include upset stomach, vomiting and diarrhea.
