As wonderful as a sunny day feels, the sun can wreak havoc on your health. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in America with more than 2 million people diagnosed every year, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. However, skin cancer is not the only negative effect of the sun---going without sunscreen can have aging effects and cause immunosuppression.
Skin Cancer
More than 2 million people are treated for basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers each year, with an additional 63,000 diagnosed with melanoma, according to the American Cancer Society. The top risk factor for skin cancer is unprotected or excessive exposure to UVA and UVB rays from the sun. The best prevention for all types of skin cancer is shielding your skin from the sun, including the use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen.
Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are less severe and highly treatable if detected early. While the more-severe melanoma is also treatable if found early in its development, it accounts for the majority of skin-cancer deaths. Melanoma is also more likely to spread to other parts of the body.
Aging Effects
A more cosmetic problem with not wearing sunscreen is the sun's effects on the superficial aging process. Excessive sun exposure can cause age spots, also known as liver spots, which is a small amount of pigmentation. These are typically found on the arms, face and hands.
UVA rays can also cause wrinkles, according to a study from Medscape Today. The rays increase elastosis by damaging collagen fibers, which causes the skin to sag. Patients who use oxybenzone, found in UVA ray-blocking sunscreen, have decreased elastosis and firmer skin.
Immunosupression
A single exposure to UVA rays can cause immunosuppression, according to Medscape Today. Sunscreen that only protects against UVB rays does not prevent this, so it is important to use sunscreen that protects against UVA rays. Because the immune system is temporarily decreased with UVA exposure, it has been theorized that this allows a malignant melanocyte to develop due to a lack of immune system response.
Applying Sunscreen
To be fully protected from the sun's rays, you must apply sunscreen correctly. Put on at least 1 oz. of sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside, covering all exposed skin. For an easy measurement guide, 1 oz. is equal to a shot glass. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if you're sweating profusely or swimming.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
Sunscreen does not do any good if it doesn't have adequate protection. When comparing sunscreens, look for one with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. This offers 93 percent protection from the sun, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. If you are more likely to burn, though, purchase an SPF 30 sunscreen, which offers 97 percent protection. Look for a sunscreen that protects against UVA and UVB rays.
You can also select a sunscreen based on your activity or skin type. Those who dislike the greasy feeling of sunscreen can choose an oil-free product, while those who have sensitive skin or allergies should select a hypoallergenic sunscreen. If you plan to do physical activity, pick a sports sunscreen as it will dry quickly and is less likely to drip into your eyes while you sweat.
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