Swimmer's ear is also known as otitis externa and acute external otitis. It is an infection of the ear canal. Bacteria cause this infection in the thin lining of the ear canal. Ears have defense mechanisms that help guard against infection, and these defense mechanisms work more efficiently when the ear is dry. For swimmers who swim a lot, the constant wetness of the ear canal weakens the defense mechanisms, which is why the infection is associated with swimmers. There are several symptoms associated with swimmer's ear, and these symptoms change as the infection progresses.
Early Symptoms
The early symptoms of swimmer's ear are an itchy sensation in the ear and mild discomfort. There is also a slight redness of the skin in the ear canal. Another early symptom of swimmer's ear is the drainage of an odorless fluid from the ear canal.
Moderate Progression Symptoms
As the affliction progresses, redness of the skin develops along with excessive drainage of fluid from the ear canal. Another symptom of swimmer's ear that has progressed from the early stage is the discharge of pus. Pain is intensified when the outer ear is tugged or moved with fingers. There is a feeling of fullness in the ear, and the ability to hear clearly is lessened, with sounds having a muffled effect.
Severe Progression Symptoms
Severe pain is a symptom of swimmer's ear that has progressed to the severe stage. Another symptom is swelling of the ear or of the lymph nodes in the neck. The outer ear can appear scaly and the skin can flake. The outer ear may also have swelling and redness.
Complications
If swimmer's ear is untreated, it can result in loss of hearing. Lack of treatment can also result in recurring ear infections. Ear infections that spread to the base of the skull can result in bone and cartilage damage.
