Dextromethorphan is an ingredient found in many cough syrups and cough suppressant medications. Dextromethorphan interferes with the part of the brain that governs the cough reflex. As a result, it is able to inhibit the urge to cough. Although dextromethorphan is safe when taken as directed, it can cause a number of side effects.
Neurological
Dextromethorphan affects the nervous system and can lead to dizziness and drowsiness, notes the website RxList. When taken as directed, these symptoms are typically mild but can still result in functional impairment. As a result, patients taking dextromethorphan should avoid operating heavy machinery while under the influence of this medication. Dextromethorphan can also result in mild confusion. Taking dextromethorphan with food or milk may slow its absorption by the digestive tract, helping to prevent these side effects.
Gastrointestinal Upset
Dextromethorphan can also upset the digestive system. This can result in patients experiencing nausea, vomiting and stomach pain, notes MedlinePlus. Patients who experience vomiting as a result of destromethorphan use may wish to discontinue using the product as it may not be effective if it is not present long enough in the stomach to be absorbed.
Nervousness
When taken in high doses, dextromethorphan can lead to nervousness and excitability. This can manifest as restlessness or irritability, explains Drugs.com. These symptoms are indicative of an overdose of dextromethorphan, and can lead to insomnia.
Coordination Impairment
High doses of dextromethorphan can also affect a patient's balance and ability to coordinate muscle movements. This can result in a slow or unsteady walk, Drugs.com explains. Patients may also experience muscle shaking or tremors.
Autonomic
Dextromethorphan can also suppress certain features of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling such unconscious behaviors as breathing and urination. Consequently, dextromethorphan can result in slowed breathing and decreased urination.
Severe Neurological Effects
When taken in extremely high doses, dextromethorphan can cause hallucinations, Drugs.com notes. It can also result in seizures and a coma.
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