PTU, or propylthiouracil, is a medication prescribed to treat hyperthyroidism. According to Drugs.com, hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, causing the body's metabolism to speed up. PTU works by blocking the production of the thyroid hormone. It may be prescribed to adults and children over the age of six years. Some serious side effects may occur while taking propylthiouracil.
Agranulocytosis
One of the most serious side effects of PTU is agranulocytosis. RXList.com explains that agranulocytosis is a medical condition in which the bone marrow fails to make enough white blood cells. White blood cells are responsible for fighting off infection in the body. Symptoms of agranulocytosis include symptoms of an infection such as fever, chills, cough, or sore throat. Patients who develop such symptoms while taking PTU should have their blood levels checked to evaluate for an abnormally low white blood cell count, as a low blood count may indicate agranulocytosis.
Hepatic Effects
PTU may have harmful effects on the liver. Drugs.com reports that liver injury resulting in liver failure, liver transplantation and death has occurred in both adults and children treated with PTU. PTU-induced liver damage has a rapid onset, so frequent blood level checks of liver function are often of no help in preventing liver damage. Symptoms of liver impairment include loss of appetite, pain in the upper right side of the abdomen, yellowing of the skin or eyes, and dark, rust colored urine. Patients taking PTU should report these symptoms to their doctors immediately.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Gastrointestinal side effects are not always indicative of liver involvement. Effects such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping may occur while taking PTU without any liver problems. RXList.com adds that patients may experience a loss of taste and report food tasting bland. These symptoms may be dose related, or they may decrease after taking the medication for a while.
Other Effects
Other side effects may occur while taking PTU. According to Medline Plus, patients may experience hair loss, joint or muscle pain, or dizziness. Numbness, burning, or tingling of the hands or feet may occur. Some patients may develop a mild skin rash or itching. RXList.com reports that these symptoms are usually not grounds for discontinuation of the drug.
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