Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive condition that can make movement difficult. Daily activities can become challenging to the point that it becomes difficult for Parkinson's patients to maintain independence. However, there are techniques that can help to improve or maintain flexibility and strength, which can help to counteract the effects of this disease. Attending physical therapy for Parkinson's can, in some cases, make a difference in how severely this disease progresses.
Identification
Parkinson's disease symptoms occur because the cells within the brain that produce dopamine are damaged. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps signals travel from the brain to various areas of the body. When the signals are interrupted, a wide variety of symptoms can develop. While there is currently no known cause or cure for this disease, there are therapies that can help to manage symptoms, states the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The main course of treatment is medication and in some cases brain stimulation surgery. Physical therapy can also be used to help teach techniques to maintain independence.
Benefits
Physical therapy can greatly improve the quality of life for those with Parkinson's disease, claims Boston University National Resource Center for Rehabilitation. A physical therapist can assess each patient individually to help design a program based on specific needs and goals. Parkinson's disease can cause complications such as freezing, difficulty maintaining balance, slow movement and tremors all of which can increase the risk of falls. These symptoms can make dressing, grooming, eating and bathing challenging. A physical therapist can introduce techniques and devices to prevent falls and make these activities easier. This may involve simple changes to the home such as installing ramps, grab bars, pull-out shelving and bathing aids. The use of canes, walkers, reachers and other devices can be recommended to allow the patient to take care of themselves verses relying on others for help.
Features
Physical therapy can also involve an appropriate exercise program. According to the National Parkinson's Foundation, exercise is "...a vital component to maintaining balance, mobility and daily living activities" for those with this condition. Since each case of Parkinson's is different, exercise programs need to be tailored to each individual. The right exercise program can help to improve balance and the ability to walk, enhance flexibility and range of motion, improve motor coordination and create feelings of well being. While exercise can not make the brain produce more dopamine, it may stimulate the body to use available dopamine better.
Time Frame
Because Parkinson's is a progressive condition, the American Physical Therapy Association recommends periodic visits to a physical therapist throughout life to address any changes that are occurring before they become severe. Exercise routines, activities of daily living and assistive devices may all require adjustments to help maintain independence. There may be periods during which attending physical therapy sessions once or twice a week for a month or longer is necessary to fully assess the situation and develop appropriate programs.
Considerations
Physical therapy is not just beneficial for the patient, it is also important for the family members and other caregivers. Caring for someone with Parkinson's may require supporting the person while walking, helping them transfer in and out of the shower, bed or chair and helping with daily activities. When providing assistance it is important for the caregiver to use good body mechanics to prevent becoming injured. In addition, family members can learn how to make daily tasks easier for the patient so less care is needed. The goal is to allow the person with Parkinson's to do as much as possible for themselves, as this can slow down the progression of the disease and prevent feelings of helplessness.
References
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Parkinson's Disease Information Page
- Boston University National Resource Center for Rehabilitation: Parkinson's Disease Resources
- National Parkinson's Foundation: Neuroprotective Benefits of Exercise
- Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association: Movement Disorders in Parkinson Disease
